A circuit breaker in substation is a key component in electrical power systems, designed to interrupt the flow of electricity when a fault occurs, such as a short circuit or overload. Depending on system design, these devices can operate manually or automatically and come in various types, including air, vacuum, oil, and SF₆ gas.
Circuit breakers form part of a broader substation protection and control system that includes current transformers, voltage transformers, and digital protection relays. When a relay detects an abnormality, it sends a signal to the breaker to open, thereby isolating the faulty section.
Their high dielectric strength enables them to withstand and effectively isolate high-voltage currents. Substations ensure system stability, minimize downtime, and protect equipment, such as transformers and busbars, from damage while supporting real-time monitoring and automated grid responses.
Oil (OCB) use insulating oil to suppress arcs. They are more common in legacy systems and require ongoing maintenance due to oil degradation. SF₆: These breakers, employed in high-voltage substations, use sulphur hexafluoride gas for superior arc quenching and insulation.
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